Kniga postroena kak opisanie ėksperimenta po pročteniju sovremennogo literaturno-chudožestvennogo teksta s pomočš′ju , t.e. glazami čitatelja pervoj treti XIX v.: Puškin čitaet Makanina. Osnovnuju čast′ raboty sostavil kommentirovannyj slovar′, v kotorom retrospektivno otražena grammatičeskaja, semantičeskaja i slovoobrazovatel′naja ėvoljucija slov i vyraženij russkogo jazyka na protjaženii polutora vekov. Ėksperimental′nye dannye pozvoljajut sdelat′ rjad novych nabljudenij nad žizn′ju slov i ich izmenenijami v svjazi s razvitiem kul′tury, rostom naučnych znanij, stanovleniem novoj . Dlja leksikologov, leksikografov, specialistov po občšemu jazykoznaniju, prepodavatelej russkogo jazyka. The book is constructed as a description of a process of understanding a modern work of a belles-lettres fiction through the mirror of , as if Pushkin reads Makanin. There are two principal subjects of research in the book: the functioning linguistic competence and development of Russian words, constructions, expressions during a century and half. Evolution of realias and conceptions are also under consideration. The main part of the book is represented as commented vocabulary wich contains information about morphological, semantic and pragmatic changes in temporal dimension. At the same time analysis of comprehension of these changes through linguistic consciousness of native speaker from the Pushkin epoch is realized. As a result it is possible to explain mechanisms of linguistic competence and to formulate new theory of Russian language functioning in connection with progress of culture, growth scientific knowledge and formation of linguistic-based modern world-model.