Russko-sanskritskij sravnitel′nyj slovar′ predstavljaet soboj pervyj sistematičeskij svod leksičeskich schoždenij russkogo jazyka i sanskrita. Pri ego sozdanii avtory opiralis′ na dostiženija istoričeskogo jazykoznanija, raboty po ėtimologii rossijskich i zarubežnych issledovatelej i osobenno na nasledie akademika O.N.Trubačëva i «Ėtimologičeskij slovar′ slavjanskich jazykov. Praslavjanskij leksičeskij fond». V nastojačšem izdanii avtorami podrobno issledovano okolo 850 leksem-sootvetstvij.Slovar′ postroen po principu polnoleksemnogo sravnenija podobnogo s podobnym i maksimal′nogo istoričeskogo sbliženija sravnivaemych leksem. Sovremennye russkie zaglavnye slova vystupajut v nëm kak ključ k praslavjanskim rekonstruirovannym formam, kotorye i javljajutsja ob′′ektom sravnenija s sanskritskimi slovami. Ėtim dostigaetsja maksimal′naja istoričeskaja glubina issledovanija. Slovar′ prednaznačen dlja specialistov (slavistov, sanskritologov, ėtimologov, indoevropeistov) i širokogo kruga čitatelej, interesujučšichsja istoriej i ėtimologiej slov russkogo jazyka. Slovar′ budet polezen izučajučšim sanskrit, poskol′ku pomožet glubže ponjat′ iskonnyj smysl mnogich drevneindijskich slov. Thedictionaryisthefirst comprehensivestudyoflexicalsimilarities between Russian and Sanskrit. In creating it, the authors drew on the contributions and historical works of Russian and other linguistic researchers of etymology, especially the works of Russian Academician O.N. Trubachev and “Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages” published by Vinogradov Institute of Russian Language. In this first edition ofourcomparativedictionary,about850lexicalcorrespondences are explained in detail. The dictionary is built on a “like for like” equivalence principle of comparing similar grammatical forms and the maximumhistorical convergence of compared lexemes. Modern Russian headwords in the dictionary open the way to Proto-Slavic reconstructed forms that are compared to Sanskrit words. This helps to achieve the maximum historical depth of the study. The dictionary is intended for language specialists, eg those studying the Slavic languages, Sanskrit and Indo-European etymology, as well a wide range of readers interested in the history and etymology of Russian words. Further, it will be of use to students of Sanskrit, wishing to understandtheoriginal meaningofmany ancient Indian words.