V knige rassmatrivajutsja idei vydajučšegosja otečestvennogo filosofa Ėval′da Vasil′eviča Il′enkova, posvjačšennye prežde vsego problemam ličnosti, samosoznanija, voobraženija i fantazii. Avtory knigi pokazyvajut, čto značenie ėtich idej vychodit za predely togo vremeni, kogda oni byli sformulirovany, i uslovnye predely togo konteksta, v kotorom oni voznikli. Osoboe vnimanie udeleno sovremennomu značeniju ėtich idej dlja psichologii, psichiatrii, pedagogiki i drugich nauk o čeloveke. Analiz idej Ė. Il′enkova perechodit v issledovanie sovremennych metodologičeskich problem nauk o čeloveke. Pokazano, v častnosti, čto problematika voobraženija i fantazii javljaetsja odnoj iz samych aktual′nych teoretiko-poznavatel′nych i metodologičeskich problem. Vmeste s tem analiz daetsja v širokom istoriko-filosofskom kontekste. Idei Ė. V. Il′enkova sopostavljajutsja s proizvedenijami i idejami filosofskoj klassiki: Spinoza, Fichte, Gegel′, Marks. Stat′i napisany izvestnymi filosofami, psichologami, pedagogami. Nekotorye raboty Ė. Il′enkova, v častnosti ego sočinenie o B. Spinoze, publikujutsja vpervye.The authors analyse the ideas of the eminent Russian philosopher Evald Vasilievich Ilyenkov about the problems of personality, self-consciousness, imagination and phantasy. They try to show that their significance is not limited to that time when they were formulated and that context in which they arose Special attention has been drawn to the contemporary role of these ideas for psychology, psychiatry, pedagogy and other human sciences The analysis of Ilyenkov’s ideas is connected with the study of the contemporary methodological problems of human sciences. It has been shown in particular that the problems of imagination and phantasy are very urgent now in epistemology and methodology of sciences. The analysis has been fulfilled in a broad historici-philosophical context. Ilyenkov’s ideas have been compared with the ideas of such philosophical classics as Spinoza, Fichte, Hegel, Marx. The articles have been written by famous philosophers, psychologists, pedagogists. Some texts by E. Ilyenkov, in particular his manuscript on B. Spinoza, have been published for the first time.